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ACUHVOVECOW
Joined: 25 Apr 2012
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Location: United States
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 Industry Standard for Live Sound Concert Speakers
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In the first days of concert sound, the 1950s and '60s, there have been few selections for professional sound-reinforcement speaker systems. JBL, Electro-Voice and Altec-Lansing were the very first businesses to build up industry-standard live-concert speakers, and remained the only real choices before mid-1970s. As concerts became larger, other speaker manufacturers came on the scene. Eastern Acoustic Works (EAW), Cerwin Vega, Turbosound, McCauley, Community and a number of others joined in. While the amount of concert speaker manufacturers continues to be plentiful, most businesses follow industry standards in the fundamental components essential for concert-sound reinforcement, adding their individual engineering some ideas in speaker and cabinet design.
Speaker Size Standards Industry-standard speaker sizes continue to be followed closely by most every manufacturer, developed and tested over several years of research and development. However it was the acceptance of professional sound engineers in the field that eventually determined which sizes and designs worked most useful. The chart below shows the standard size for the frequency application: • Sub-bass: 18-inch speaker• Bass: 15-inch speaker• Midrange: 12- or 10-inch speaker• High midrange: 10-inch speaker or 2-inch horn driver• High: 1-inch or 2-inch horn driver Cabinet Construction The construction of speaker cabinets is really as essential since the speaker it self, and may add favorable frequency and performance attributes. While marine-grade plywood is popular, new composites that resist damage throughout transport, and supply necessary sonic capabilities, are actually utilized in designs by a few manufacturers. Cabinet Types Cabinet design dictates a speaker's "throw, " that is the power of sound to visit. Short-throw cabinets are made to project sound over short distances, such as for example in a nightclub. Long-throw cabinets are utilized when sound must travel a larger distance, such as for example in a concert hall. Long-throw cabinets add a horn design, where the speakers are recessed, and a curved horn port helps sound project and spread. Short-throw cabinets feature front-surface speaker mounting to greatly help get a grip on sound travel. Large concert venues uses a mix of short and long-throw cabinets. Folded Horn Cabinets Folded horn cabinets are accustomed to enhance sub-bass frequencies. Speakers are mounted internally in a sealed chamber, and emit sound through a number of baffles that boost the low end. Folded horn cabinets will often have mid- to long-throw attributes, even though short-throw designs will also be available. Manufacturers use proprietary designs in baffle arrangements, making the option of cabinet a matter of preference. Bass-Reflex Cabinets Bass-reflex cabinets take advantage of ports, or openings, to make the most of sound emitting from the trunk of the speaker. Many proprietary designs exist, but all provide enhanced speaker sound. Simple ports allow rear speaker sound to increase the entire audio performance by increasing bass, while special tuned-ports are accustomed to filter certain low-end frequencies by dampening some and enhancing the others. Full-Range Speaker Cabinets Full-range cabinets include several speaker combinations to supply full-spectrum sound. Typical full-range cabinets in live concert settings include a number of 10-inch or 12-inch midrange speakers, and a high-frequency horn. Since sub-bass and bass cabinets are often placed at walk out, full-range cabinets are positioned on the stage, or flown overhead with wire rigging. Full-range cabinets are short- to medium-throw in design. High-Frequency Horns High frequencies are made by a kind of speaker called a "driver". Horn drivers are 1 inch to 2 inches in diameter, and only use a voice coil to create sound, which limits air movement and resulting bass frequencies. To project sound, drivers are suited to directional horns, made to increase and direct sound to concert volume levels. Like speaker cabinets, horns are available in many styles and proprietary designs. Horns are constructed with aluminum, fiberglass along with other composite materials, mounted in a wood or rugged composite enclosure. Because the horn it self is made to create a particular sound, the enclosure simply acts as a protective case, offering no sound-enhancing design features. Based on horn design, short-, medium- and long-throw models can be found.
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Article resource: Industry Standard for Live Sound Concert Speakers
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